Maryland State Archives

Rector in Cumberland at the Emmanuel Episcopal Church who Provided Aid to Runaway Slaves.

Biography page linked here

Sources:

An Essay Concerning the History of the Emmanuel Episcopal Church, by Vernon Roberts.

Born in Cambridge, DO County; moved to BCity as a laborer

Arrested and Sentenced to 6 years in the MD Pen. for Enticing a Slave to Run Away whose owner's name was Sankford.

Sources:

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY (Prisoners Record) Charles Manoka, 5158 MSA S275 Dates: 1811, 1826-1869 Description: 1, 1773-7229 Accession No.: 5656 MSA No.: S 275-2 Location: 1/30/4/38.

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY (Prisoners Record, Copy) Charles Manoka, 5158 MSA S276 Dates: 1811, 1843-1870 Description: 1, 3610-7449 Accession No.: 5661 MSA No.: S 276-1 Location: 1/30/4/41.

BALTIMORE CITY CRIMINAL COURT (Criminal Docket) MSA C1849 Dates: 1857 Description: i Accession No.: 50,334-6 MSA No.: C 1849-6 Location: 3/29/14/27.

Archives has no Baltimore City Docket and Minutes for 1857.

DORCHESTER COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Certificates of Freedom) MSA C690 Dates: 1851-1864 Description: * Accession No.: 19,621-2 MSA No.: C 690-1 Location: 1/4/4/40.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Charles Manokey, Dates: 1850, Description: BC, Wards 8-11, Accession No.: M 1488, MSA No.: SM 61-126.

I could not find any Sankfords listed in the DO and SO Slave Schedules of 1850.

Arrested for Aiding and Abetting Slaves to Run Away in KE County.

Biography page linked here

Sources:

The Planters' Advocate 21 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 03 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 17 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 24 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 24 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 23 October 1858

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, James L. Bowers, pg. 245, Dates: 1850, Description: KE, Accession No.: M 1498-2, MSA No.: SM 61-141.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Samuel E. Baker, pg. 252, Dates: 1850, Description: KE, Accession No.: M 1498-2, MSA No.: SM 61-141.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Isaac Perkins, pg. 245, Dates: 1850, Description: KE, Accession No.: M 1498-2, MSA No.: SM 61-141.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, James A. Pearce and E.F. Chambers, pg. 289, Dates: 1850, Description: Slaves, KE, Accession No.: M 1505-4, MSA No.: SM 61-167.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Samuel E. Baker, pg. 301, Dates: 1850, Description: Slaves, KE, Accession No.: M 1505-4, MSA No.: SM 61-167.

I looked for his similar charge from 1853. There were no relative KE County Court/Circuit Court documents for 1853.

KENT COUNTY JUSTICE OF THE PEACE (Docket) MSA C1078 Dates: 1850-1853 Description: John Talbot, i Accession No.: 40,106-11 MSA No.: C 1078-12 Location: 1/15/1/5. Could not find his name.

Fields, Barbara Jeanne. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland During the 19th Century. Yale University Press: New York, 1985. pp. 63-67.

Arrested for Assisting Slaves to Escape in AA County

He was sentenced for 12 years in the MD Pen., but died of consumption in 1845 before his release.

Biography linked here

Sources:

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY (Prisoners Record) MSA S275 Wesley Green, 3506 Dates: 1811,1826-1869 Description: 1, 1773-7229 Accession No.: 5656 MSA No.: S 275-2 Location: 1/30/4/38.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT (Court Papers) MSA C2424 Dates: 1810-1845 Description: * Accession No.: MSA No.: C 2424-1 Location: 1/2/10/41. Could not find his name.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT (Docket) MSA C64 Dates: 1842/04 Description: * Accession No.: 2089 MSA No.: C 64-67 Location: 1/2/7/32.

Archives have no relative AA Circuit Court documents for his year of conviction.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT (Certificates of Freedom) MSA C46 Dates: 1810-1831 Description: * Accession No.: 911 MSA No.: C 46-3 Location: 1/1/11/10. Could not find his name.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT (Certificates of Freedom) MSA C46 Dates: 1831-1844 Description: * Accession No.: 947 MSA No.: C 46-4 Location: 1/1/11/11. Could not find his name.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61 Dates: 1840 Description: AA. 1, pp. 98-220 Accession No.: M 4711 MSA No.: SM 61-97. Could not find his name.

Runaway Slave

Owner - Isaac Scaggs, Beltsville, Prince George's County

Biography page linked here

Sources:

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Isaac Scaags, Dates: 1850, Description: Slaves, PG, Accession No.: M 1505-6, MSA No.: SM 61-169.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Isaac Scaggs, Dates: 1850, Description: PG, Accession No.: M 1499-2, MSA No.: SM 61-143.

The Baltimore Sun 08 November 1857

Still,William. Underground Rail Road: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letter, Etc.

Runaway Slave

Owner - Isaac Scaggs, Beltsville, Prince George's County

Suspected of returning to assist his wife and children to run away from Scaggs' farm.

Biography page linked here

Sources:

DC Department of Corrections Collection MSA SC 3170, Adam Smith, 1854, Collection Dates: 1848-1863, Collection Description: DC Department of Corrections: runaway slave book, Film No.: M 9597.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Isaac Scaags, Dates: 1850, Description: Slaves, PG, Accession No.: M 1505-6, MSA No.: SM 61-169.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Isaac Scaggs, Dates: 1850, Description: PG, Accession No.: M 1499-2, MSA No.: SM 61-143.

The Baltimore Sun 27 August 1857

The Baltimore Sun 08 November 1857

Still, William: Underground Rail Road: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letters, Etc.

Runaway Slave

Owner - Richard L. Smallwood of Charles County

She was supposedly harbored in the house of Theophelus McDaniel of PG County.

Biography linked here

Sources:

PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY COURT (Court Papers, Blacks) MSA C1187 Dates: 1799-1851 Description: * Accession No.: 50,199-1/63 MSA No.: C 1187-1 Location: 1/21/11/31.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Richard Smallwood, Dates: 1820, Description: CH, Accession No.: M 2062-5, MSA No.: SM 61-68.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Richard Smallwood, Dates: 1830, Description: CH, Accession No.: M 68-2, MSA No.: SM 61-88.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Thomas W. Reeves, Dates: 1830, Description: CH, Accession No.: M 68-2, MSA No.: SM 61-88.

CHARLES COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Certificates of Freedom) MSA C655 Dates: 1826-1860 Description: * Accession No.: 7322-1 MSA No.: C 655-1 Location: 1/8/11/14. Could not find Sarah.

CHARLES COUNTY REGISTER OF WILLS (Wills, Index) MSA C682 Dates: 1665-1962 Description: * Accession No.: 20,483 MSA No.: C 682-1 Location: 1/8/11/19. Could not find Smallwood.

I also looked in the Census indices from 1840-1860 and could not find Richard L. Smallwood (3rd District), although I did see a Richard Smalwood listed in the 4th District.

Suspected of Aiding the Slave Sarah of Richard L. Smallwood.

Biography linked here

Sources:

PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY COURT (Court Papers, Blacks)MSA C1187 Dates: 1799-1851 Description: * Accession No.: 50,199-1/63 MSA No.: C 1187-1 Location: 1/21/11/31.

PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY COURT (Docket) MSA C1203 Dates: 1830/10 Description: i Accession No.: 5901-1 MSA No.: C 1203-96 Location: 1/20/11/20. Could not find his name.

PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY COURT (Minutes) MSA C1265 Dates: 1830/10 Description: * Accession No.: 5901-2 MSA No.: C 1265-51 Location: 1/20/11/20. Could not find his name.

I looked in Census Records for years 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850 for his name, but could not find it.

PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY COURT (Certificates of Freedom) MSA C1171 Dates: 1806-1829 Description: * Accession No.: 6196 MSA No.: C 1171-1 Location: 1/21/8/43. Not in stacks. I looked in online index and could not find his name.

PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Freedom Affidavits) MSA C1151 Dates: 1852-1862 Description: * Accession No.: 40,238-23/31 MSA No.: C 1151-1 Location: 1/21/11/18. I could not find his name.

PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY COURT (Judgment Record) MSA C1231 Dates: 1829-1838 Description: i Accession No.: 5798 MSA No.: C 1231-7 Location: 1/20/9/22. I could not find any case mentioning him.

There are no Charles County newspapers for 1830 (to look for runaway ad).

Born in BCity; profession - ostler

Arrested and Sentenced to 7 yrs. for Enticing a Slave to Run Away in AA County

Note under "How Discharged" column of MD Pen. Record that states that he set fire to North Wing Penit. Bldng.?

Sources:

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY (Prisoners Record) George Banks, 4771 MSA S275 Dates: 1811, 1826-1869 Description: 1, 1773-7229 Accession No.: 5656 MSA No.: S 275-2 Location: 1/30/4/38.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) George Banks MSA SM61 Dates: 1860 Description: BC. 4, Wards 8-9, pp. 1-437 Accession No.: M 7207 MSA No.: SM 61-183

Archives has no AA County Court papers or docket for 1854.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Court Papers) MSA T39 Dates: 1848-1875 Box No.: 4 Description: * Accession No.: 03/11/77 MSA No.: T 391-4 Location: 1/2/11/4. Could not find his name or trial.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Docket) MSA C65 Dates: 1854/04 Description: i Accession No.: 2112 MSA No.: C 65-5 Location: 1/2/8/11. Could not find his name/trial.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Docket) MSA C65 Dates: 1854/10 Description: i Accession No.: 2113 MSA No.: C 65-6 Location: 1/2/8/12. Could not find his name or trial.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Minutes) MSA C92 Dates: 1851/12-1857/10 Description: * Accession No.: 12,066 MSA No.: C 92-1 Location: 1/1/10/8. Could not find his name or trial.

Born in Somerset County and moved to BC

Arrested and sentenced to 2 years in the MD Pen. for Enticing a Slave to Run Away in BC.

Biography linked here

Sources:

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY (Prisoners Record) Henry Williams, 3588 MSA S275 Dates: 1811, 1826-1869 Description: 1, 1773-7229 Accession No.: 5656 MSA No.: S 275-2 Location: 1/30/4/38.

SOMERSET COUNTY COURT (Certificates of Freedom) MSA C1744, Dates: 1821-1832, Accession No.: 7244, MSA C 1744-1, 1/48/2/26.

BALTIMORE COUNTY COURT (Criminal Docket) MSA C314 Dates: 1838-1844 Description: i Accession No.: 8452 MSA No.: C 314-7 Location: 2/15/7/35. Could not find trial or name.

Archives does not have Baltimore City Court Docket and Minutes for 1843.

BALTIMORE COUNTY COURT (Minutes) MSA C386 Dates: 1839-1846 Description: i Accession No.: 14,404 MSA No.: C 386-16 Location: 2/14/13/41. Could not find trial or name.

I looked in the 1840 and 1850 Census Records, yet I could not find any specific person who matched his description. I found 3 Henry Williams in 1840 in Baltimore City-Wards 2+3, and one in Somerset County who might be his age.

A Free Black Involved in Aiding Slaves to Escape in Cumberland via the Emmanuel Episcopal Church where he was sexton.

Biography page linked here

Sources:

An Essay Concerning the History of the Emmanuel Episcopal Church, by Vernon Roberts.

Aspects of work that I liked/disliked and Improvements:

Although newpspaper stripping was tedious, it opened my eyes to how acceptable and recent slavery was in Maryland. The actual runaway ads were interesting in that I could figure out how intimately the owner knew his slaves (i.e. scars, relatives, hobbies) and the possible routes by which the slaves ran away. I got more involved in this aspect of the project when we began the case studies. The case studies were overwhleming but helpful in that I had to choose from a seeming myriad of sources in order to find my subject, but it better acquainted me with the Archives' sources. I think that it would have been helpful to me to have a list of places to look for the subject of the case study, and then how to troubleshoot if I could not find him/her in the most "obvious" sources. I feel like some of my case studies are incomplete, yet I am not sure how to further my research.

Questions That The Research Did Not Answer Or Ask:

Most of the questions that occurred to me during my research related to general slave statistics in Maryland at that time, what was going on during that period of time in Maryland, and general history of slavery. Some questions: Why are we looking at these specific dates for the project?, Do we have a tally of total # of slaves who were in Maryland and how many ran?, How did the slaves come to Maryland?, Were there many free blacks who helped in the UGRR?, What was the "usual" fate of a slave who escaped or who was captured again?, How would a slave's life in Baltimore City contrast/compare to a slave's life in southern MD? Although some of these questions may seem irrelevant to the project, I think that a "timeline" would be helpful in order to provide a bit of the background and the future of slavery in Maryland around the 1850s.

Rector in Cumberland at the Emmanuel Episcopal Church who Provided Aid to Runaway Slaves.

Biography page linked here

Sources:

An Essay Concerning the History of the Emmanuel Episcopal Church, by Vernon Roberts.

Born in Cambridge, DO County; moved to BCity as a laborer

Arrested and Sentenced to 6 years in the MD Pen. for Enticing a Slave to Run Away whose owner's name was Sankford.

Sources:

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY (Prisoners Record) Charles Manoka, 5158 MSA S275 Dates: 1811, 1826-1869 Description: 1, 1773-7229 Accession No.: 5656 MSA No.: S 275-2 Location: 1/30/4/38.

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY (Prisoners Record, Copy) Charles Manoka, 5158 MSA S276 Dates: 1811, 1843-1870 Description: 1, 3610-7449 Accession No.: 5661 MSA No.: S 276-1 Location: 1/30/4/41.

BALTIMORE CITY CRIMINAL COURT (Criminal Docket) MSA C1849 Dates: 1857 Description: i Accession No.: 50,334-6 MSA No.: C 1849-6 Location: 3/29/14/27.

Archives has no Baltimore City Docket and Minutes for 1857.

DORCHESTER COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Certificates of Freedom) MSA C690 Dates: 1851-1864 Description: * Accession No.: 19,621-2 MSA No.: C 690-1 Location: 1/4/4/40.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Charles Manokey, Dates: 1850, Description: BC, Wards 8-11, Accession No.: M 1488, MSA No.: SM 61-126.

I could not find any Sankfords listed in the DO and SO Slave Schedules of 1850.

Arrested for Aiding and Abetting Slaves to Run Away in KE County.

Biography page linked here

Sources:

The Planters' Advocate 21 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 03 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 17 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 24 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 24 July 1858

The Cecil Whig 23 October 1858

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, James L. Bowers, pg. 245, Dates: 1850, Description: KE, Accession No.: M 1498-2, MSA No.: SM 61-141.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Samuel E. Baker, pg. 252, Dates: 1850, Description: KE, Accession No.: M 1498-2, MSA No.: SM 61-141.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Isaac Perkins, pg. 245, Dates: 1850, Description: KE, Accession No.: M 1498-2, MSA No.: SM 61-141.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, James A. Pearce and E.F. Chambers, pg. 289, Dates: 1850, Description: Slaves, KE, Accession No.: M 1505-4, MSA No.: SM 61-167.

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU (Census Record, MD) MSA SM61, Samuel E. Baker, pg. 301, Dates: 1850, Description: Slaves, KE, Accession No.: M 1505-4, MSA No.: SM 61-167.

I looked for his similar charge from 1853. There were no relative KE County Court/Circuit Court documents for 1853.

KENT COUNTY JUSTICE OF THE PEACE (Docket) MSA C1078 Dates: 1850-1853 Description: John Talbot, i Accession No.: 40,106-11 MSA No.: C 1078-12 Location: 1/15/1/5. Could not find his name.

Fields, Barbara Jeanne. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland During the 19th Century. Yale University Press: New York, 1985. pp. 63-67.