Maryland State Archives

James Horley, "After the 'Baltimore Affair': James Mark Baldwin's Life and Work, 1908-1934," History of Psychology 4, no. 1 (Feb., 2001), 24-33.

Philip J. Pauly. "G. Stanley Hall and His Successors: A History of the First Half-Century of Psychology at Johns Hopkins. In One Hundred Years of Psychological Research in America: G. Stanley Hall and the Johns Hopkins Tradition, Stewart H. Hulse and Bert F. Green, Jr., eds. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986, 21-51.

"James M. Baldwin, Psychologist, Dies." New York Times, 9 November 1934.

See also msaref 8458-82-160.

From: Owen Lourie [owenl@mdsa.net]
Sent: Wednesday, January 19, 2011 3:17 PM
To: Santiago-Blay, Jorge
Cc: Ed Papenfuse
Subject: Re: 510 Tyson St.

I suspect that if you go to the MHS and look at the Hochschild Kohn & Co. collection you may find some info or pictures of the property. The finding aid is http://www.mdhs.org/library/mss/ms002721.html. Boxes 2, 4, and 5 seem to have materials about the block they bought (they block that Tyson runs up the middle of).

On 1/19/2011 3:04 PM, Santiago-Blay, Jorge wrote:

Hello Owen:

This is pretty amazing information, wow! Thank you.

A few weeks ago, I contacted the Pratt and the MHS and, unfortunately, they told me that they do not have images of 510 Tyson. Likewise, I emailed Dr. Mary Ellen Hayward (author of "Baltimore's Alley Houses" Baltimore: JHU Press, 2008 info@irishshrine.org - The Irish Shrine) and have received *no* reply. With your email appended, maybe I can try them again and see if I that helps them find something.

Sincerely and gratefully,
Jorge

From: Owen Lourie [owenl@mdsa.net]
Sent: Wednesday, January 19, 2011 2:45 PM
To: Ed Papenfuse; Santiago-Blay, Jorge
Subject: 510 Tyson St.

Hi Jorge,

Here's the information I've been able to figure out about 510 Tyson Street. I looked a few places for pictures (Museum of Industry online photos, Baltimore County Public Library Legacy Web, Enoch Pratt's online photos) but I didn't find any of that part of Tyson. There are others from further north on Tyson, taken in the 1960s and 1970s, after the 500 block of Tyson had been torn down. You might try the Maryland Historical Society and the Pratt likely has more photos than just what's online. It may be that there are pictures of Tyson as general street scenes or from documentation of slum-clearance. It's also possible that there is documentation in City records compiled about the block before it was torn down around 1942. There has been a great deal of research on housing conditions in Baltimore, particularly African American slums in the early 1900s, that may provide some insight into what 510 Tyson was like.

In addition, the Maryland Historical Society has a collection of papers from Hochschild Kohn & Co., the department store chain that bought 510 Tyson, that may have information about the property. See REGISTER OF THE HOCHSCHILD KOHN COLLECTION, MS 2721.

In 1908, 510 Tyson was owned by the estate of James Gregg, who died in 1896. The lot had four buildings on it and included the addresses 511 and 513 N. Howard St. and 510 and 512 Tyson. There were two 3-story brick stores (probably on Howard) and two 3-story brick dwellings (probably on Tyson). The two houses on Tyson were weekly rentals. I found a few references to how much rent was. In 1897, 510 Tyson took in $178 (about $3.42 a week). According to an advertisement in The Sun in 1930, 510 Tyson St. had 7 rooms, including an indoor bathroom and rented for $6.25 a week. The lot was purchased in 1923 by Hochschild Kohn & Co.

"Real Estate Deals and Building News," The Sun, 27 December 1923, p. 11.

BALTIMORE CITY SUPERIOR COURT (Land Records) Maurice Gregg, trustee, et al. to Hochschild Kohn & Co., 1923, SCL 4124, p. 270-271 [MSA CE168-4132].

S.J. Martenet Co. survey of property, as referenced in deed: S. J. Martenet & Co. Collection, MSA SC 5087-4-1360.

Court case re: ownership of property:
Research notes

BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Docket A) In re: trust estate of James Gregg, 1897, Liber 37A, pps. 9-?? [MSA T55-37, 3/4/1/20].
BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Papers A) In re: trust estate of James Gregg, 1897, BT 32, box no. 2217 [MSA T53-2613, 3/8/2/6].
BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Papers A) In re: trust estate of James Gregg, 1897, BT 32, box no. 2218 [MSA T53-2614, 3/8/2/7].
BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Papers A) In re: trust estate of James Gregg, 1897, BT 32, box no. 2219 [MSA T53-2615, 3/8/2/8].

Owen

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: My suspicion re. baldwin's resignation from JHU
Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2011 21:54:57 -0500
From: Santiago-Blay, Jorge
To: 'Petepi@aol.com'

Dear Pete:

Because I find it extremely unlikely that Remsen and Mahool did not know of the Baldwin’s “peccadillo” by the early fall of 1908, or that Baldwin self-nominated and nobody said a thing to him (but maybe this was the very action that triggered the desire to get rid of him against him), a hypothesis that explains the events leading to Baldwin’s resignation has come to my head, and this is why I emailed you earlier:, could Baldwin’s resignation have been orchestrated by Remsen and Mahool, as follows?

1. Numerous “progressivists” were in power at the Mayor’s office (include J. Barry Mahool, the Mayor himself). They considered prostitution and other vices bad activities for society and pushed to restrict them or make them illegal. This has been extensively documented. Of course, if alcohol only went worse when pushed underground, who can control such a powerful force as the “urge to reproduce”?

2. Remsen, I suspect (but I need evidence), was more tolerant (as were some colleagues of Baldwin) of such “peccadillos” but he eventually needed to respond to the Board of Trustees (to save his own job and the reputation of “the men from Hopkins”). I need to check the Minutes of the Board to see how often the Board met and if they mentioned Baldwin before 1909, or whether Remsen could, by himself, get rid of Baldwin. From other sources, we know that there was pressure from one trustee to get rid of Baldwin but I do not think we have precise date for the timing of that pressure.

3. Because it seemed that Baldwin had survived the “peccadillo” by the end of 1908, an excuse was needed to get rid of Baldwin that would involve bigger than a personal “peccadillo” that appears to have had no consequences. This is the key link for which we need to find more evidence.

4. Remsen and Mahool consulted regularly re. city appointments (I have plenty of evidence for this thanks to the Mahool files housed at the Baltimore City Archives). So, what if Mahool told Remsen, “hey, there is a vacancy at the School Board, can you suggest me of a couple of names?”. Then, could Remsen – under pressure by trustees - have suggested Mahool to consider Baldwin as a candidate (indeed, there were 1 or 2 vacancies in late February 1909 but Baldwin is not mentioned in any document, as far as I could see in Mahool files)? I have found no documentation for this. I have also checked Woodrow Wilson, former boss of Baldwin but, thus far, nothing (other than Wilson did not like Baldwin, that is very clear in 1903 and, again, the early summer of 1908, when Wilson spots Baldwin in his same hotel in the UK).

5. By agreeing to this, Mahool, and this is a weak point of the hypothesis, would have exposed himself to sardonic sarcasm (as in “keeping up his record of appointments” by nominating Baldwin, as the Baltimore News said in the same article). There were a few progressivists in politics and in the local Baltimore press. Also, there was an anonymous “well-known reporter from Princeton” and in Politics and Progress (Crooks) there is a long appendix of the VIPs of the time, including someone whose name I cannot remember who graduated from Princeton, connected to the Baltimore News and “progressivists” politics (of course, I need to go to Princeton to get all his documents). These people could have put pressure on Mahool or be appeased by Mahool.

6. By inducing Baldwin to be a candidate for an open space in the Baltimore School District, the argument can be made that Baldwin was potentially affecting Hopkins reputation. How? By reminding the readers through the Baltimore News about Dr. Baldwin with that little article (I need to find it and make a copy) as this time it was running for public office, not just a personal “peccadillo”. Mahool could always lie and claim that he did not know (and I do not know if he was even asked this or if Baldwin had any effect in his short political life).

This hypothesis came to me when I realized that a prepublication copy of the article resides in the Remsen files at Hopkins. Is such find something “typical”? I found no such prepublication copies for any of the other news of Hopkins published in any newspaper, only this one that I remember. In other words, could the article have been generated at Remsen’s office, with the knowledge of Mahool? Could the type used by the typewriter (especially is it has microscopic defective fingerprints) and/or the chemistry of the carbon be matched to other documents of the time typed by Remsen’s office? Any feedback on this hypothesis is welcomed. Thank you.

Sincerely,

Jorge

------- Original Message --------
Subject: RE: James Mark Baldwin: questions and a forensic idea
Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2011 20:34:47 -0500
From: Santiago-Blay, Jorge
To: 'Jim Stimpert'
CC: 'rwozniak@brynmawr.edu'

Dear Jim:

Would next 20th of January 2011 (Thursday) mid PM to evening (if necessary) work for you? I intend to leave Suitland, MD around noonish and can be in your Archives around 2-3PM. Given your knowledge and suspicions of what is at the JHU Archives, I shall focus on anything by Robert Brent Keyser in MS. 82. Is there any way to check whether any Keyser materials may be housed elsewhere? The fundamental questions are, as follows:

1. Why was Baldwin not forced to resign soon after he was caught in the brothel in the early summer of 1908? We understand that he sold his house on (or after) 1909 and I believe he was active in professional activities in 1908, well after the incident.

2. How come Baldwin became a candidate to the Baltimore School Board (circa late February to early March 1909, ca. 9 months after “the incident”)? Is it that Baltimore’s Mayor, J. Mahool, and Hopkins President Remsen where not aware of “the incident”? I find that extraordinarily difficult to believe given their hyperextended local network of connections. Were they hoping that the “incident” would have, somehow, “gone away” by early 1909? To me, that would be pretty naïve on their part, and also unlikely. Or, if they were aware, why did they not stop Baldwin before the situation exploded in the alleged public uproar (for which, by the way, I have found no evidence in Mahool files)?

3. Did something happened during this period pertinent to this case? Was someone else involved in this (hence my desire to check correspondence of the Trustees as we have some information suggesting pressure from at least 1 trustee to get rid of Baldwin). It would be nice to take a second look at the Minutes of the Trustees (could you request those?) from 1903-1910.

Jim, and this is extremely important, how can one explain the presence of a prepublication copy (is it really a copy or an original? and, in any case, were was it generated?) of an article to be published in a local newspaper in the President’s files? This may be a case where we may need a forensic analyst (Remsen was a chemist and co-discoverer of saccharin), expert in inks and typewriters, to compare that piece of evidence – the prepublication material eventually published in the Baltimore News - with documents generated by different offices) to trace a plausible typewriter origin of the prepublication copy? The prepublication copy I am referring to is the one that reads “Unless something happens… Baldwin will be part of the Baltimore School Board” or something like that], that we found in Remsen’s papers (please, feel free to bring Remsen papers back, some were with the Philosophy Department; others with the office of the President)? Was it customary for newspapers of the time to have the courtesy of giving a prepublication copy to parties of interest? In any event, let me bounce this off a couple of friends who know about forensics and see if they think I am making any sense.

Peace and wellness, sincerely,

Jorge

From: Jim Stimpert [mailto:stimpert@jhu.edu]
Sent: Tuesday, January 11, 2011 4:39 PM
To: Santiago-Blay, Jorge
Cc: rwozniak@brynmawr.edu
Subject: RE: James mark baldwin: questions

My apologies for not getting back to you sooner. I’ve been swamped since before Christmas and I’m still trying to dig out.

1. I honestly have never seen any mention of how faculty were paid in our early years. It is possible that, in the earliest time, they were paid in cash. One of our original faculty insisted he be paid in gold, but I don’t know that that ever happened. Certainly by the 1930s or 1940s everyone was paid by check, but when that shift happened (if it happened), I do not know. I do know that we do not keep canceled checks, so none of those would be available from any time period.

2. Regarding tenure, it appears that it did not begin until soon after 1915, which is when Hopkins faculty “took the lead in the formation of the American Association of University Professors…” (Hugh Hawkins, Pioneer: A History of the Johns Hopkins University, 1874-1889. Cornell U. Press, 1960, pp. 128-129). Prior to that time, faculty, including senior faculty, relied upon the fairness and promises of Daniel Coit Gilman and his successors.

3. Psychology, like all other arts & sciences disciplines, was located at our original campus in west Baltimore until 1916. While they may have relocated to another building, I’m not aware of that happening. No new buildings were completed in 1904, so any move would have been a trade of space, not moving into new quarters.

4. I don’t know who Ron Mueller was, but he was not a Johns Hopkins University trustee.

Robert Brent Keyser was a Hopkins trustee from 1902 to 1927. While it’s possible there could be some trustee-related correspondence in MS. 82, it would be unlikely. You would be welcome to look at these materials yourself if you wish to see them. Just give us at least 24 hours’ notice so we can retrieve them from offsite.

Henry David Harlan was a trustee 1904-1943. The web page cited below is from the Maryland State Archives, located in Annapolis, MD. I don’t believe we have any separate collection of Harlan’s papers here.

5. We do not have any records specifically from Thomas Ball. Anything relating to Baldwin was probably copied in the Office of the President records. Since Ball was the Registrar, and Baldwin was never a student here, it would seem unlikely that they would have had any interaction.

James Stimpert stimpert@jhu.edu
University Archivist 410-516-8323
Johns Hopkins University Fax: 410-516-7202
Sheridan Libraries
3400 North Charles Street
Baltimore MD 21218

-----Original Message-----
From: Santiago-Blay, Jorge [mailto:BLAYJ@si.edu]
Sent: Monday, January 10, 2011 1:48 PM
To: Jim Stimpert
Cc: rwozniak@brynmawr.edu
Subject: James mark baldwin: questions

Dear Dr. Stimpert:

Dr. Wozniak and I have made significant progress towards reconstructing the events of the early summer of 1908 "incident", thanks to the help of many archivists and historians. We are now interested in the post-incident events (especially, ca. February - March 1909) and their connection to the eventual resignation of Baldwin from Johns Hopkins University. The fundamental question I have now is, given the publicity the "incident" had in at least two newspapers (in one of them with great candor!) *as well as* the personal connections between members of the justice system that eventually handled the cases (e.g. against Baldwin, the madam of the brothel, and the police Captain), the Democratic party administration of J. Barry Mahool, and the administration of Johns Hopkins University, how could Baldwin even be considered as a viable candidate for the vacancy at the Baltimore School Board?

Specifically, I would like to know if your Archives have information on the following:

1. How were professors paid at JHU in 1908: cash or check? If by check, can one follow the checks (if still extant) and learn something about who else was/were behind the incident?

2. When did tenure begin at Hopkins?

3. Did Psychology move to new quarters in the Fall of 1904 or thereabouts?

4. Board of Trustees
A. Ron Mueller – any documents at the JHU Archives?
B. Robert Brent Keyser (Special Collections, Milton S. Eisenhower Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 Phone 410-516-8348 - Keyser-Wyman Papers, 1800-1968, MS. 82) – any documents at the JHU Archives?
C. Henry David Harlan - Henry David Harlan (1858-1943), 3rd Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City 1888-1913 (MSA SC 3520-13491), also Professor of Law University Maryland (1883-1913) and Dean of Law School, (1910-1932) - http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013400/013491/html/13491bio.html <-- are these documents actually at the JHU Archives?

5. Thomas R. Ball, Registrar (any papers pertaining to Baldwin there)?

Thanks for your help.

Sincerely,

Jorge

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Re: Fw: James Mark Baldwin: questions
Date: Thu, 13 Jan 2011 10:39:42 -0500
From: Owen Lourie
To: Santiago-Blay, Jorge , Ed Papenfuse

Hi Jorge

Here are answers to some of your questions. The minutes of the School Board are at the Baltimore City Archives. See BRG31-1, .

In terms of figuring out land ownership, there are a couple of ways to do it. Each block in Baltimore is numbered and there is an index that tracks every sale on that given block. See this map to get the block number: http://www.mdhistory.net/msaref07/bc_ba_atlases_1876_1915/html/bc_ba_atlases_1876_1915-0381.html.

510 Tyson, Block 549
118 W. Franklin, Block 550
408 Cathedral, Block 564

Baltimore City Block Books are available via www.mdlandrec.net, which has all of Maryland's land records online. You need a user name/password but the site is free. The block books list all the real estate transactions for a given block, so you will be able to find out the full ownership of all the properties you're interested in. It would interesting to know, for example, if Sedonia Young owned her own building, or if someone else owned it while she operated a bawdy house. Using the Block Books isn't always very easy, especially since they often don't identify the properties by their street address but rather by describing their locations, as in "west side of Tyson (formerly Larews Alley) street, 75 feet north of W. Franklin." I spent a while yesterday trying to find 510 Tyson (which is on the west side of Tyson, approximately 125 feet north of W. Franklin) but I couldn't find anything.

The other way to figure out property ownership is to use the grantor (seller) and grantee (buyer) indices, though those only work if you know who owned the property. Those are on mdlandrec.net as well.

To my knowldge, none of Mahool's files are at the MSA. If he wrote to someone in state government (i.e. the governor) those letters would be here, but none of his own papers are here.

We are working on arranging a time to go to the Police Department and inventory their records. We may be able to see what they have re: Baldwin (or Ward) while we're there.

Owen

-----Original Message-----
From: "Santiago-Blay, Jorge"
Sent 1/10/2011 2:07:26 PM
To: "edp@mdsa.net" Cc: "rwozniak@brynmawr.edu"
Subject: James Mark Baldwin: questions

Dear Dr. Papenfuse:

Dr. Wozniak and I have made significant progress towards reconstructing the events of the early summer of 1908 "incident", thanks to the help of many archivists and historians. We are now interested in the post-incident events (especially, ca. February - March 1909) and their connection to the eventual resignation of Baldwin from Johns Hopkins University. The fundamental question I have now is, given the publicity the "incident" had in at least two newspapers (in one of them with great candor!) *as well as* the personal connections between members of the justice system that eventually handled the cases (e.g. against Baldwin, the madam of the brothel, and the police Captain), the Democratic party administration of J. Barry Mahool, and the administration of Johns Hopkins University, how could Baldwin have even be considered as a viable candidate for the vacancy at the Baltimore School Board?

Specifically, I would like to know if your Archives have information on the following:

1. Are the any files re. Mahool's administration at the MdSA?

2. Are there documents that document in detail the transactions involving Baldwin houses (e.g. when purchased/sold, how much, realtor? etc.)? Baldwin lived at 408 Cathedral Street in 1904-5 and 118 W. Franklin Street from 1906-1909.

3. Three Board of Trustees of JHU at that time of Baldwin's incident that have been connected with the resignation (I have already asked Dr. James Stimpert at JHU Archives but, apparently, there are some documents at MSA)
A. Ron Mueller
B. Robert Brent Keyser
C. Henry David Harlan - Henry David Harlan (1858-1943), 3rd Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City 1888-1913 (MSA SC 3520-13491), also Professor of Law University Maryland (1883-1913) and Dean of Law School, (1910-1932) - http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013400/013491/html/13491bio.html <-- NOTE!

4. Any documents of the Baltimore School Board: mid February 1908 and mid March 1909, especially the Minutes of the School Board?

Eventually, I will have to write to the Records at Baltimore City Central Records re. Sidonia Young and especially Captain Bernard J. Ward (Report of Police Commission). In that case, may I mention your name and affiliations as having helped us in this project? Although I will be using Smithsonian letterhead, nobody knows me in history but everybody knows you :-) in the context of history of Baltimore.

Thanks for your help.
Sincerely,
Jorge

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: RE: Fw: Are any of these materials likely at the MDSA?
Date: Mon, 3 Jan 2011 09:44:01 -0500
From: Santiago-Blay, Jorge
To: Owen Lourie , Edward Papenfuse

Hello Owen:

That is the same impression I have, particularly that some police officers were "extracting bribes from everyone along the way" and that " Baldwin was caught in a raid that was unrelated to his presence, and someone took the opportunity to shake him down while he was there". Let us see what else pertinent, if anything, the documents may reveal.

I would very much like to know: 1) what motivated Baldwin to go there and, a less explored question, 2) how did Baldwin ended been considered Baldwin for the position at the School Board some 8-9 months later.

Sincerely,
Jorge

________________________________________
From: Owen Lourie [owenl@mdsa.net]
Sent: Monday, January 03, 2011 9:24 AM
To: Edward Papenfuse; Santiago-Blay, Jorge
Subject: Re: Fw: Are any of these materials likely at the MDSA?

Jorge,

I'll send you more specific information later, but in answer to your last question, the impression I've gotten is that the police were mostly running a protection operation aimed at bars, alcohol sellers and drug dealers. The governor of Maryland launched a trial of the Board of Police Examiners (who oversaw the Police Department--essentially a board of directors) a few years after Ward was dismissed. Most of the accusations were that the police had been shutting down some illegal saloons and gambling places and protecting others, and extracting bribes from everyone along the way. At the time, the police were carrying out many undercover operations to see if bars were selling alcohol illegally (especially selling it on Sundays), and certain police officers were accused of tipping off bartenders who the undercover officers were. My impression is that Baldwin was caught in a raid that was unrelated to his presence, and someone took the opportunity to shake him down while he was there, but that's just my guess.

Owen

-----Original Message----- From: "Jorge A. Santiago-Blay"
Sent 1/1/2011 12:52:39 PM
To: edp@mdsa.net
Cc: "Robert H. Wozniak"
Subject: Are any of these materials likely at the MDSA?

Dear Dr. Papenfuse:

Happy 2011! In the event that the case of Sidonia Young continues to look as a good fit, do you know if any of the following documents would be at the MDSA?

a. Photos of 501 Tyson Street (ca. 1908): That is the reported address of Young's house/establishment. I already asked the Pratt Library but no reply yet.

b. Blue book of Prostitution for Baltimore (ca. 1908)

c. Legal papers on Alvyn H. Tyson and on Judge Stockbridge (I cannot remember his first name)

d. Any documentation on the criminal activities of policemen at that time? I wonder if Baldwin was the only white (prominent) man with money caught in such a situation. In other words, was Baldwin one of several people from which money was requested to save their reputation? Was this an organized "ring"? Was their modus operadi to have people on the streets to make people foolishly yield to the suggestion made by someone who would not look like a prostitute to visit the color house of social sorts?

Also, although Owen hypothesize that, if the paperwork on the case against Captain Bernard J. Ward still resides at Police Headquarters in Baltimore, it may be difficult to find, is it possible that only one copy of that report was made? In other words, if other copies were made, where would they reside?

At my end, if the Sidonia connection still looks good, I intend to visit the National Archives (just across my office in DC) to check Sidonia's in 1900 and 1910 and what was her reported occupation, etc. Also, I am going to contact the Wilson Library again and see if there is correspondence from Ira Remsen (President of Hopkins) and/or J. Barry Mahool.

Sincerely and gratefully,

Jorge

From: Edward Papenfuse [mailto:edp@mdsa.net]
Sent: Friday, December 10, 2010 8:20 AM
To: Santiago-Blay, Jorge; edp@mdsa.net
Cc: Michael McCormick; owenl@mdsa.net; kathrynb; Kim Moreno; mattd@msamail.mdsa.net
Subject: Re: Should I infer that the Baltimore City Police did not yield records connectable to Baldwin?

The list I sent you was derived from the internal guide which is only accessible at the Archives. You can, however, review the same list in the external guide, but there will be no further details in the Guide than what I sent you. I did not have time to eliminate the hyperlinks which simply accompanied the list that I 'scraped' from my search of the internal guide.

Mike:
Talk with Owen. He has been working with Jorge and attempted to see if there was anything of value in the records that we have at MSA and BCA relating to Baldwin, and should work with him when he comes, if he is free. The problem is that the subject may have given an alias and working through the dockets is a laborious task for which we simply do not have the time or the resources at present. What will probably be most useful to Jorge is getting a good picture of what raids there were and where they were located, something that should be noted in the dockets. Owen is maintaining the topic/bio file on this case for me, and is tracking there what we have done to date. My goal is to incorporate into the Guide a better understanding of the usefulness of the dockets and other court materials relating to this case, just as we are going with the BCA records that Jorge has already consulted (particularly the Mayor's papers). What I failed to make clear to Jorge at the outset was that the Police department was a State Agency during the period he is interested in and that what records that have survived except for a few museum items on display at headquarters (or at least were on display the last time we looked for any remaining historical records) have already been gathered up by us and are in the Guide. There is a slim chance that there may be more records from the period at Police Headquarters, but I sincerely doubt it. In any event we do not have the appraisal resources to pursue that question for now. If I were Jorge I would pay a visit to see if the exhibit of memorabilia is in the lobby and follow up with whomever is charge of it to see if there is anything else. They once had extensive mug shot files (the department was a strong believer in Phrenology during the early decades of the 20th century and did maintain mug books of habitual criminals--I doubt they took Baldwin's picture, but they may have). Their exhibit had on display one of the books.

One major problem with the Guide is that we are continuing to show transers externally that have been accessioned. Those need to be suppressed on the outside only and Matt needs to devise a switch/check off that ensures that happens once a transer has been accessioned. Otherwise it is confusing to the user as is the case here.

Ed

-----Original Message-----
From: "Santiago-Blay, Jorge"
Sent 12/10/2010 7:49:49 AM
To: "edp@mdsa.net"
Cc: "Michael McCormick"
Subject: RE: Should I infer that the Baltimore City Police did not yield records connectable to Baldwin?

Dear Dr. McCormick:

I would like to visit the Maryland State Archives on December 21st and December 22nd (Tuesday and Wednesday) to examine documents pertaining to the arrest of Dr. James Mark Baldwin and any other persons at a "colored house of the social sorts" in the "early summer of 1908". Would these days be OK with you?

These records may shed some light on the plethora of questions we have, including, for example,

What were the circumstances under which the dinner the preceded the arrest happened, where did the dinner took place, who else was present at the dinner, who suggested going to the establishment, how many dinner companions eventually went to the establishment and under what circumstances (e.g. were they drunk?), did anyone else joined (e.g. a minor, who?) as he (they) marched to the establishment, name and address of the establishment, who was the Captain commanding the raid (was having a Captain a typical thing to do for a raid) and why was the Captain later charged of supporting crime (if court documents are still available, get them), who were the proprietors of the establishment who wrongly charged Baldwin and later were “sent up” (if court documents are still available, get them), did Baldwin give a false name, did Baldwin bring a minor or in any way “corrupted a minor” to the brothel, why were there newspaper reporters in the place Baldwin was taken after the arrest (was this something common those days?, if court documents are still available, get them). Did Baldwin give a "false name" at first? Who else was arrested in that establishment on that day? Who where the owners of the establishment and where was the establishment located? What police officers were involved and what was the motivation (a liquor raid)?

The attached file contains the list of potentially pertinent documents that Dr. Papenfuse sent me. Those that are temporally potentially pertinent (because they include 1908) are highlighted in green. Those that *could* be pertinent but lack a time frame are highlighted in yellow.

I clicked on the links (e.g. http://intranet.mdsa.net:8081/guide/series.cfm?action=viewSeries&ID=C2110) to get a better idea of the documents (and decide whether they are truly pertinent) and they did not work. SOS! Do I have to be inside the MDSA site? The documents highlighted in green on page 4 may, after closer examination, turned out not to be pertinent to this investigation.

Sincerely,

Jorge Santiago-Blay

________________________________________
From: Ed Papenfuse [edp@mdsa.net]
Sent: Tuesday, December 07, 2010 10:49 PM
To: Santiago-Blay, Jorge
Cc: Michael McCormick
Subject: Re: Should I infer that the Baltimore City Police did not yield records connectable to Baldwin?

The reference department at the Archives in Annapolis would be pleased to have you and your colleagues visit. We are open Tuesday-most Saturdays. You might want to write in advance with regard to the volumes you particularly wish to check so that they can be waiting for you when you arrive.

Ed Papenfuse

On 12/7/2010 10:34 PM, Santiago-Blay, Jorge wrote:

Hello Dr. Papenfuse and Hello Owen:

Your email has surprised me because I was under the impression that there was a rather large gap in the Police Records at MDSA for the summer 1908 (= Murphy’s Law), thus forcing us to rely on Baltimore Police records in downtown. How did I get this so wrong? I have highlighted the potentially important documents (in yellow). Others (??? Time Frame ???) lack time frame, hence I suspect we will have to look at them and decide whether they are pertinent.

How should I proceed to request permission to visit the MDSA and see the archives? Would it be OK if Dr. Wozniak comes along? Also, a friend of mine, who used to be a law enforcement officer for many years and has a good smell for this type of documents may be interested in coming along. He who serves as a Volunteer in the Museum helping me. Should he be interested and have time, would it be OK if he comes along with me? Thank you.

Our other explorations (e.g. entertainment scene) have yielded little additional, pertinent information leading to Baldwin, however, it has been extremely interesting. Perhaps the Police records will bring us back into the hot trail. Thank you.

Sincerely and gratefully,

Jorge

From: Ed Papenfuse [mailto:edp@mdsa.net]
Sent: Tuesday, December 07, 2010 10:16 PM
To: Santiago-Blay, Jorge
Cc: Owen Lourie
Subject: Re: Should I infer that the Baltimore City Police did not yield records connectable to Baldwin?

We have the following records available in Annapolis relating to the Police Department:

BALTIMORE CITY

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Arrest Record, Index) T2439, 1891-1912 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Arrestees Physical Description) T2291, 1908-1923 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Bond Record) T2292, 1943-1946 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Central District) T2296, [Paper] ??? Time Frame ???

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Central District) C2117, 1893-1960 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Consolidated) T2212, 1873-1916 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Eastern District) T2271, [Paper] ??? Time Frame ???

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Eastern District) C2111, 1863-1959 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Middle District) T2297, [Paper] ??? Time Frame ???

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Middle District) C2109, 1870-1884 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Northeastern District) T2264, [Paper] ??? Time Frame ???

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Northeastern District) C2110, 1900-1960 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Northwestern District) T2277, [Paper] ??? Time Frame ???

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Northwestern District) C2112, 1876-1959 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Northwestern District) CM1260, 1881-1900 [Microfilm]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Southeastern District) T2280, [Paper] ??? Time Frame ???

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Southeastern District) C2115, 1959-1961 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Southern District) T2278, [Paper] ??? Time Frame ???

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Southern District) C2113, 1867-1960 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Western District) T2279, [Paper] ??? Time Frame ???

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Criminal Docket, Western District) C2114, 1959-1961 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Docket, Consolidated) CM1259, 1865-1866 [Microfilm]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Homicide Docket) T2290, 1954-1955 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Housing Docket) T2288, 1947-1951 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Invoice Record) T2293, 1913 [Paper]

* [cid:part1.03060203.08050408@mdsa.net] BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Juvenile Docket) T2294, 1948-1952 [Paper]

* [cid:part1.03060203.08050408@mdsa.net] BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Juvenile Docket, Eastern District) T2263, 1943-1971 [Paper]

* [cid:part1.03060203.08050408@mdsa.net] BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Juvenile Docket, Northeastern District) T2262, 1943-1954 [Paper]

* [cid:part1.03060203.08050408@mdsa.net] BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Juvenile Docket, Northwestern District) T2274, 1943-1952 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Marshalls Docket) T2437, 1891-1894 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Matrons Record) T2276, 1940-1951 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Military Docket) T2440, 1942-1944 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Miscellaneous Docket) T2295, [Paper] ??? Time Frame ???

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Motor Vehicle Maintenance Record) T2436, 1942-1944 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Patrol Wagon Record) T2441, 1944-1948 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Police Casualties) T2300, 1870-1964 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Police Commissioner Reports) T2438, 1910-1914 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Roll Book) T2275, 1871-1950 [Paper]

* BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (Traffic Docket) T2289, 1941-1961 [Paper]

On 12/7/2010 10:02 PM, Santiago-Blay, Jorge wrote:

Hello Dr. Papenfuse:

Because I have not heard from you or from Owen in a while, should I infer that the Baltimore City Police did not yield records connectable to Baldwin? Thank you.

Sincerely,
Jorge

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Baldwin: Possible earlier date for "incident"
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 2010 16:24:58 -0500
From: Santiago-Blay, Jorge
To: 'Edward Papenfuse' , 'Owen Lourie'
CC: 'Robert Wozniak'

Dear Dr. Papenfuse and Dear Owen:

I do not know if either of you have heard from the Baltimore Police Department re. Baldwin’s arrest records. The last 2-3 weeks have had a lot of activity at our end (Cha’vez = Baldwin’s contact in Mexico letters are in, Wilson’s letters are on their way, and we have just requested James et al. correspondence at Oxford). All potentially pertinent in helping Dr. Wozniak and I flesh what happened to Baldwin in the “early summer of 1908”. Importantly, the attached letter (Baldwin to Cha’vez, dated May 18, 1908) seem to have forced Dr. Wozniak and I to correct our most recent estimates on the timing of the incident, from June-July 1908 to May-June 1908 (this was our original guess). Here is why we think a correction, back to the original, is in order.

Our June – July 1908 estimate was based on an interpretation of “early summer” in the context of the academic world. This would have put the academic summer from 20 June 1908 to 30 September 1908. We thought this reasonable. However, the attached letter from Baldwin (assuming he is telling the truth) indicates that he is planning to be out of town on 13 or 20 June 1908 and headed to England. Thus, if Baldwin is telling the truth, the latest the incident could have happened is 20 June 1908. Cha’vez, to who his letter is directed, visited Baldwin, we guess in early May 1908, then Cha’vez writes to Baldwin saying, “I arrived safely”, then Baldwin replies.

Sincerely and gratefully,
Jorge

Attached file

On 10/14/2010 1:38 PM, James Watson wrote:

Owen,

Here is the info that I got from the Legal Affairs Dept. at the BC Police (410-637-8684).

They may have microfilmed copies of Arrest Records from 1908-1909, but without a arrest number, you would not be able to locate them. We do carry indexes to the Arrest Records in T2439, but the entries go from 1897 to 1912. This most likely means we have a large gap. As for the Board of Commissioner Reports, our earliest ones date back to 1910 (T2438). There may be earlier ones at the Police Department, but there is no guarantee. They did believe that they had at least as far back as the teen's.

Let me know if you need anything else. James

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kim and Kathryn,

I have been working with a researcher who is interested in records from the BC Police department from the early 20th century beyond the dockets that we have. Would if be possible for you to determine whether they have arrest records from approx. 1908-1909 (available for use by a researcher?)? In addition, I'm looking for the records from a hearing by the Board of Police Commissioners from 1909-1910. We don't have anything from the board from then, I'm not sure where such records might be. Do you have any thoughts if there is an agency which might still have them?

Thanks,
Owen

GOVERNOR (Reports and Investigations) Transcript and exhibits, trial of BC Board of Police Commissioners, 1911, MdHR 50,265-11 [MSA S1044-21, 2/28/5/30]

Owen's research notes:
Ward was called to testify twice (pps. 554-601; 2635-2648) in the investigation, which dealt with allegations that the Police Commissioners had allowed the department to protect bars that violated liquor rules and had protected a notorious cocaine dealer (Robert E. Davis, I think). Ward testified that he knew the Vice-Marshal (2nd in command) gave orders to tip off bars about when undercover officers were conducting surveillance. Ward also claimed that he had been ordered by the commissioners not to raid a bookie who was politically connected. He only discussed the corruption of others within the department, and his own protection operation was touched on only very tangentially.

The investigation lasted about two months and resulted in 4300 pages of testimony. At the end, however, the Governor concluded that there was no reason to take any action.

There were a number of police captains who were discussed (Captain Pumphrey, the head of the detective department, was accused of corruption during the Governor's investigation). As far as I can tell, Ward was the only captain dismissed for corruption in 1909-1910. Ward seems like a good candidate, since he's dismissed at the right time and is implicated in ordering raids on some clubs and brothels and protecting others.

I did not see any mention of Baldwin. After Ward was dismissed, he told The Sun that he knew about a lot of gambling in Baltimore that was protected by the police, which is what this investigation called him to testify about. Ward's own protection operation--the operation which led to the raid in which Baldwin was arrested--was not discussed.

Articles from the Baltimore World

"Surprise in Court." Baltimore World, 16 June 1908, p. 1.

Articles from the Afro-American Ledger
Ward's trial received only minimal mention in the but there was an article about Ward in the spring of 1909: "This Was an Outrage." The Afro-American Ledger, 3 Apr 1909.

"Consternation in Police Circles." The Afro-American Ledger, 18 Dec 1909.

Comment.The Afro-American Ledger, 1 Jan 1910.

Comment.The Afro-American Ledger, 11 Jun 1910.

Articles from The Sun
There are additional articles covering the 1911 trial of the Police Board by the Governor. The articles here are those most relevant to Capt. Ward.

"Policemen in Clash." The Sun (Baltimore), 10 Dec 1909.

"Farnan Investigating." The Sun (Baltimore), 11 Dec 1909.

"Expects Report Today." The Sun (Baltimore), 8 Dec 1909.

"Police Board Begins." The Sun (Baltimore), 14 Dec 1909.

"Capt. Ward to be Tried." The Sun (Baltimore), 15 Dec 1909.

"Ward Charges Made Up." The Sun (Baltimore), 16 Dec 1909.

"Capt. Ward's Defense." The Sun (Baltimore), 17 Dec 1909.

"Ward Hearing Dec. 27." The Sun (Baltimore), 18 Dec 1909.

"May Involve Lawyers." The Sun (Baltimore), 19 Dec 1909.

"Changes Among Police." The Sun (Baltimore), 22 Dec 1909.

"Planning Ward Trial." The Sun (Baltimore), 24 Dec 1909.

"Ward Trial Today." The Sun (Baltimore), 27 Dec 1909.

"Ward Trial Begun." The Sun (Baltimore), 28 Dec 1909.

"May Hear Ward Today." The Sun (Baltimore), 29 Dec 1909.

"Four Accuse Serg. Plum." The Sun (Baltimore), 30 Dec 1909.

"Katz Denies It All." The Sun (Baltimore), 31 Dec 1909.

"Capt. Ward Under Fire." The Sun (Baltimore), 1 Jan 1910.

"Capt. Ward Dismissed." The Sun (Baltimore), 2 Jan 1910.

"May Change Captains." The Sun (Baltimore), 3 Jan 1910.

"Board Exonerates Hurley." The Sun (Baltimore), 5 Jan 1910.

"Board May Call Plum." The Sun (Baltimore), 9 Jan 1910.

"Plum Charges Framed." The Sun (Baltimore), 15 Jan 1910.

"Plum Trial January 25." The Sun (Baltimore), 18 Jan 1910.

"Hunter-Davis Probe Begins." The Sun (Baltimore), 22 Jan 1910.

"Sergt. Plum Acquitted." The Sun (Baltimore), 26 Jan 1910.

"Davis Ready For Trial." The Sun (Baltimore), 9 May 1910.

"Davis Trial Postponed." The Sun (Baltimore), 10 May 1910.

"Police Seek Stowman." The Sun (Baltimore), 11 May 1910.

"'Bob' Davis Acquitted." The Sun (Baltimore), 15 May 1910.

"'Bob' Davis Drowned." The Sun (Baltimore), 5 Jul 1910.

"From Driver to Politician." The Sun (Baltimore), 5 Jul 1910.

"Dr. Dull is Indicted." The Sun (Baltimore), 9 Sep 1910.

"Capt. Ward Will Testify." The Sun (Baltimore), 10 Sep 1910.

"Trumped Up, Says Gist." The Sun (Baltimore), 14 Sep 1910.

"Inquiry Widens." The Sun (Baltimore), 14 Sep 1910.

"Mr. Furst Called On Board." The Sun (Baltimore), 14 Sep 1910.

"Detective Force Next." The Sun (Baltimore), 15 Sep 1910.

"Now For Police Charges." The Sun (Baltimore), 6 Feb 1911.

"After Wheatle Alone." The Sun (Baltimore), 13 Feb 1911.

"New Charges Perhaps Today." The Sun (Baltimore), 22 Feb 1911.

"New Charges In." The Sun (Baltimore), 23 Feb 1911.

"Ward's Charge Denied." The Sun (Baltimore), 17 Mar 1911.

"Ward Quotes Pumphrey." The Sun (Baltimore), 8 Apr 1911.

"Poolrooms, Says Ward." The Sun (Baltimore), 14 Feb 1912.

"Ward Before Grand Jury." The Sun (Baltimore), 16 Feb 1912.

"Sergt. F.J. Plum Dead." The Sun (Baltimore), 21 Jul 1913.

"Ex-Captain Ward Dead." The Sun (Baltimore), 4 Feb 1917.

On 12/27/2010 10:45 PM, Santiago-Blay, Jorge wrote:

Dear Dr. Papenfuse and Dear Owen: Attached, please find a detailed summary of what I learned from The Sun today. My overall impression is that there is an excellent fit between the combined story of the unidentified “prominent white man” depicted in the stories of The Sun and Baldwin’s account. If the MDSA is open next Tuesday (January 4th 2010), I would like to visit to try to get a hold of the NW Police District Dockets that include June 9/10, 1908. Although those days are *not* included in the consolidated documents, each district is still available. Hopefully, we will get lucky and get Sidonia (spelling varies, The Sun’s editorial staff was not ideally meticulous) Young (“colored”) of 501 [sic: 510?] Tyson Street (or Alley), Judge Tyson as magistrate. Would a white man be listed and case dismissed? In my readings, there were no additional arrestees included. If she is in the dockets, then I will just need to get the Case number and wait a few days/weeks for the book that has the testimony of her case. If this lead is promising, I will try to request images/maps (if available) for this property at that time.

Jorge Santiago-Blay's research summary

Note: No police docket for NW District for June of 1908

BALTIMORE CITY CRIMINAL COURT (Criminal Docket) State v. Sadonia Young, 1908, indictments no. 1156 and 1157, p. ??, MdHR 50,334-117 [MSA C1849-117, 3/30/4/2]

BALTIMORE CITY CRIMINAL COURT (Criminal Papers) State v. Sadonia Young, 1908, indictments no. 1156 and 1157, box no. 122 [MSA T495-134, HF/02/33/080].

See ecpclio 5339-151-1

Sadonia Young

Alva H. Tyson, MSA SC 3520-15522

Location of Sedonia Young's bawdy house.

According to an advertisement in The Sun in 1930, 510 Tyson St. had 7 rooms, including an indoor bathroom. At the time weekly rent was $6.25.
"Save Car Fare. Central Colored Homes." Classified advertisement. The Sun, 8 September 1930.

Located in Block 549. See 1906 Bromley Atlas of Baltimore:
http://www.mdhistory.net/msaref07/bc_ba_atlases_1876_1915/html/bc_ba_atlases_1876_1915-0381.html.

Lot was purchased in 1923 by Hochschild Kohn & Co. Note that lot comprised 510-512 Tyson St. and 511-513 Howard St.

"Real Estate Deals and Building News," The Sun, 27 December 1923, p. 11.

BALTIMORE CITY SUPERIOR COURT (Land Records) Maurice Gregg, trustee, et al. to Hochschild Kohn & Co., 1923, SCL 4124, p. 270-271 [MSA CE168-4132].

S.J. Martenet Co. survey of property, as referenced in deed:
S. J. Martenet & Co. Collection, MSA SC 5087-4-1360.

Hochschild, Kohn Collection, 1896-1981, Maryland Historical Society, MS 2721
http://www.mdhs.org/library/mss/ms002721.html.

Court case re: ownership of property:
Research notes

BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Docket A) In re: trust estate of James Gregg, 1897, Liber 37A, pps. 9-?? [MSA T55-37, 3/4/1/20].

BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Papers A) In re: trust estate of James Gregg, 1897, BT 32, box no. 2217 [MSA T53-2613, 3/8/2/6].

BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Papers A) In re: trust estate of James Gregg, 1897, BT 32, box no. 2218 [MSA T53-2614, 3/8/2/7].

BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Papers A) In re: trust estate of James Gregg, 1897, BT 32, box no. 2219 [MSA T53-2615, 3/8/2/8].

Promotional video

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Draft of Baldwin talk ppt (as a pdf because PPT is too large), feedback is welcomed
Date: Wed, 27 Apr 2011 13:35:52 -0400
From: Jorge A. Santiago-Blay
To: Robert H. Wozniak , Edward Papenfuse , Owen Lourie , owen@mdsa.net
CC: Pierre Jolivet , Audrey Chin , Pete Peltier , Jim Stimpert

Dear Colleagues and Friends:

Attached, please find a draft of my Baldwin talk for tomorrow. I do not plan to show the last four. In red, you will see slides with type or figures. That means things that eventually we need to get although we are aware that many we may never find. Dr. Wozniak and I plan to work hard this summer to try to wrap up this paper in the summer. Below, some messages to specific colleagues.

Dr. Papenfuse and Owen:
1. Thanks a million for all your help. We could not have been there without both of you, Dr. Stimpert (JHU Archives), Mr. Harrison (JHU Medical Archives), librarians from the WW Presidential Library, UNAM, Oxford University, etc. If you need to use this to demonstrate the value of MSA and/or BCA, please be my guest.

a. Do you think you could help us locate the (in)famous Report to the Police Commissioner? Supposedly, it is in the Baltimore PD Archives. It is particularly important because it may have the full testimony in the case against Captain Ward. One of our sources suggests Baldwin may have testified.

b. If time is available, could you have someone take a digital image of the volumes for 1908 police dockets showing the absence of the NW district for summer 1908 as well as the big yearly summary for 1908. You know about this better but, to me, that is pretty suspicious...

c. Owen, could you send us a recent photo of you for the PPT? If not possible, OK :-)

2. Peter, do you know experts who may analyze type and tell us make and model of a typewriter? I wonder if the field has ever used the analytical techniques that allow us to determine chemical identity of the original ink. Why? I would love to know who owned the typewriter in which the News report at JHU was typed? I still have a bad vibe about Phase 2 but who knows.

Thanks to all for any feedback and good vibes for tomorrow (12:30PM, EST).

Sincerely,

Jorge

Wozniak, Robert H. and Jorge A. Santiago-Blay. "Trouble at Tyson Alley: James Mark Baldwin's Arrest in a Baltimore Bordello." History of Psychology, 2013.